Auteur(s) / Author(s)
KWAK Jae-Seob (1) ; SIM Sung-Bo (1) ; JEONG Yeong-Deug (1) ;
Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s)
(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Pukyong National University, San 100, Yongdang-Dong, Nam-Ku, Busan 608-739, COREE, REPUBLIQUE DE
Résumé / Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze effectively the grinding power spent during the process and the surface roughness of the ground workpiece in the external cylindrical grinding of hardened SCM440 steel using the response surface method. A Hall effect sensor was used for measuring the grinding power of the spindle driving motor.
The surface roughness was also measured and evaluated according to the change of the grinding conditions. Response surface models were developed to predict the grinding power and the surface roughness using the experimental results. From adding simply material removal rate to the contour plot of these mathematical models,
it was seen that useful grinding conditions for industrial application could be easily determined.
Revue / Journal Title
International journal of machine tools & manufacture ISSN 0890-6955 CODEN IMTME3
Source / Source
2006, vol. 46, no3-4, pp. 304-312 [9 page(s) (article)] (11 ref.)
Langue / Language
Anglais
Editeur / Publisher
Elsevier, Oxford, ROYAUME-UNI (1987) (Revue)
Mots-clés anglais / English Keywords
Experimental study ; Measurement sensor ; Modeling ; Response surface ; Ground surface ; Metal ; Steel ; Rough surface ; Cutting speed ; Operating conditions ; Hall effect ; Machining ; Grinding ; Cylindrical grinding ; Roughness ; Surface grinding ;
Mots-clés français / French Keywords
Etude expérimentale ; Capteur mesure ; Modélisation ; Surface réponse ; Surface sol ; Métal ; Acier ; Surface rugueuse ; Vitesse coupe ; Condition opératoire ; Effet Hall ; Usinage ; Rectification surface ; Rectification cylindrique ; Rugosité ; Rectification plane ;
Mots-clés espagnols / Spanish Keywords
Estudio experimental ; Captador medida ; Modelización ; Superficie respuesta ; Superficie suelo ; Metal ; Acero ; Superficie rugosa ; Velocidad corte ; Condición operatoria ; Efecto Hall ; Mecanizado ; Rectificación superficie ; Rectificación cilíndrica ; Rugosidad ; Rectificación plana ;
Mots-clés d'auteur / Author Keywords
Grinding power ; Surface roughness ; External cylindrical grinding ; Response surface method ;
Localisation / Location
INIST-CNRS, Cote INIST : 1357, 35400013302717.0080
A combined instrument for ultra-microhardness testing and atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been developed. The instrument could be employed to conduct hardness tests with a diamond indenter and its Si tip allowed high-resolution AFM images to be obtained at the same position on the specimen.
Ultra-microhardness tests and AFM observations were carried out on electrolytically polished specimens of a tungsten single crystal and JIS-SCM415 and JIS-SCM440 low-alloy steels. The SCM415 and 440 steels were tempered at 873K and 723K, respectively. The benefits of using a Si tip instead of
a diamond indenter for AFM observation are clearly shown by the better profile of the indent mark on the tungsten single crystal and the clearly distinguishable images of the fine carbides of the steels. The ultra-microhardness of the steels was influenced by the local microstructures such as the carbide density and the presence of a ferritic phase.
Fatigue tests of SCM 440 chromium molybdenum steel were carried out under high mean stress. Prediction method of fatigue strength based on fracture mechanics was developed and the following conclusions reached. (1) It has been shown that the ΔK_ becomes constant value at strain ratio R_ε > 0.5,
just as the fatigue limit becomes constant at R_ε> 0.5 .(2) It has been shown that the fatigue diagram could make without fatigue tests, if the range of stress intensity factor ΔK of intrinsic crack was compared with ΔK_ in various mean stress. (3) The prediction fatigue limit is in good agreement with the experimental value under high mean stress.
Product Description
42CrMo, AISI 4140, SCM440
It's one kinds of high quality alloy structural steel.
Features: With high intensity, high hardenability. It has a small distortion afer quenching, a ghigh creep strength and lasting intensity afer processing of high tempreature.
Chemical composition: C: 0.38-0.45%, Si: 0.17-0.37%, Cr: 0.90-1.20%, Mn: 0.50-0.80%, Mo: 0.15-0.25%, S\P≤0.035%, Ni\Cu≤0.030%
Usage: It's mainly used for making various kinds of machinery, automobile, mining spare part, the gearwheel of the engine, the driving gear of supercharger, the abckshaft, the conncetingrob and the pinchock under the high pressure.
Hot forged steel round bar.
Steel grade:S45C,SCM440,SCM439,SCM420,SCM415,SCM435,S20C,
16MnCr5,S355J2G3,Q390,42CrMo4,25CrMo4,39CrNiMo3,34CrNiMo6,
SAE4340,18CrNiMo7-6,CK15,SAE8620,21CrNiMo2,41Cr4 and so on.
Carbon steel and alloy steel.
Size:150mm to 700mm.
Length:4m and up.
Ultrasonic Test:Sep1921 Class 3 C/c.
Delivery Condition:Hot forged+Normalized+Rough Turned+Q/T.
We supply the high quality material for customer.
Mill:Jiangsu Zhuhong Forging Co.,Ltd
Materials:Hot forged steel round bar.
Steel Grade:S45C,SCM440,42CrMo4,CK45,16MnCr5,S355J2G3,SCM415,
18CrNiMo7-6,34CrNiMo6,39CrNiMo3,20CrNiMo2,ASTM A105,SAE8620,
and others.
Standard: EN10025,EN10083
1). Delivery state: Hot forged +Normalizing/Annealing+Rough Turned+ Quench+ Temper,
2). Size: 150mm~700mm
3). Length: 4000mm ~5800mm
4). Inspecting: UTS according to SEP 1921 C/c or GB/T 6402
5). Cut both ends
6). Payment: L/C at sight or others.
7). Min. qty.: 15MT
8). Delivery: By both negotiation.
9). Delivery time: 50 days after L/C.
Products were exported to Korea,Taiwan,Europe,USA.
STEEL COMPARISON TABLE
DIN/AISI/JIS/ASSAB /BOHLER /TYSEN /DESCRIPTION
CK 45 / 1045 / S 45 C / 760 /EMS /Thyrodur 1730 /Carbon steel
C105w1 / W1 /SK 3/4 /K 100 /Extra TH /Thyrodur 1545 /Hight carbon steel
X100CrMoV51 /A2 /SKD 12 /XW 10 /Special K5 /Thyrodur 2363 /Cold work tool st
X155CrVMo121 /D2 /SKD 11 /XW 41 /Special KNL /Thyrodur2379 /High Carbon Crom
X210CrW12 /D6 /SKD 2 /XW 5 /Special KR /Thyrodur 2436 /High carbon Crom st
MnCrV 8 /0,2 /SKS 3 /DF 2 /Amutit S /Thyrodur 2842 /Cold Work Tool St
40CrMnMoS 8 6 /P20/ - /718 K /456 /Thyroplast2312 /Plastict Mold st
X 42 Cr 13 /420 /sus 538 /stavax /WKW35M /Thyroplast2083 /Plastict coro.ressis Mold
-CrNiMo 6 /4337*4340 /SNC22 /705 /VCN 150 /TEW 6582 /High Tensile st
42 CrMo 4, 4140, SCM 440, 709, VCL-140, TEW 7225, High Tensile st
DIN = Deutsche Institut Fuer Normung
AISI = American Iron and Steel Institute
JIS = Japan Industrial Standart
42 CrMo 4 /4140 /SCM 440 /709 /VCL 140 /TEW 7225 /High Tensile st
IS : 40Cr4Mo3
42Cr4Mo2
40Cr1Mo28
AISI : 4137 4137H
4140 4140H
4142 4142H
DIN : 42CrMo4
BS970: 708A37
708A42
708H37
708H42
708H45
708M40
709M40
EN : 19
19A
19B
19C
JIS : SCM440
SCM440H
SCM445
SCM445H
-CrNiMo 6 /4337*4340 /SNC22 /705 /VCN 150 /TEW 6582 /High Tensile st
IS : 40Ni6Cr4Mo3
40Ni2Cr1mo28
40Ni6CrMo2
AISI : 4337
4340
4340H
BS970: 817A37
817A42
817M40
EN : 24
Product Description
Specification:CK45,42CrMo4/SCM440,
S355J2G3,16MnCr5,39CrNiMo3,34CrNiMo6,
15CrNiMo7-6,1.2714,SAE8620,15CrNiMo5,
SAE8620,And others
Standard: DIN 7527-6,EN 10204,SEP 1921,EN 10228-3,EN 10250,N10083,SEW 550
Hot forged steel round bar.
Steel grade:S45C,SCM440,SCM439,SCM420,SCM415,SCM435,
S20C,16MnCr5,S355J2G3,Q390,42CrMo4,25CrMo4,39CrNiMo3,
34CrNiMo6,SAE4340,18CrNiMo7-6,CK15,SAE8620,21CrNiMo2,
41Cr4 and so on.
Forged steel round bar S45C
Commodity: Forged steel round bar
Grade: S45C, delivery condition: as forged.
Length : 4.0 - 6.0m
Diameter tolerance:-0/+7mm
Process : EAF + LF + VD ( 100% )
Straightness:4mm/M Max.
Ultra sonic test: Sep1921-84 Class 3 C/c
Surface Condition : Black ( No Grinding )
Cutting : End Bar must be Saw Cutting
Manufacture:Jiangsu Zhuhong Forging Co.,Ltd
Forged rollers SCM440
Commodity: Forged rollers
Size:385x765+910x677+385x350mm
Sizes tolerance: -0/+5mm according to the drawings.
Delivery state:normalized+ rough turned.
Ultrasonic test: Sep1921 Class C/c.
Quality certificate:as per EN 10204/3.1.B
Manufacture:Jiangsu Zhuhong Forging Co.,Ltd
Note:we can supply the rollers according the customer's drawing of different size
and requirement.
Forged round bar SAE8620/21CrNiMo2/42CrMo
Grade:SAE8620/21CrNiMo2,42CrMo/42CrMo4/SAE4140/SCM440;34CrNiMo6/4340/718M40;ASTM A105,S355J2G3,
16Mn,C60,C45,35CrMo,15CrMo,18CrNiMo7-6,39CrNiMo3,
16MnCr5,25CrMo
Size:120-1000mm
Delivery condition:forged+Annelaed/Normalized+Q/T+Rough Turned.
Ultrasonic Test:Sep1921 Class D/d,C/c.
Length:4m and up or fix length according the customer's requirment.
Manufacture:Jiangsu Zhuhong Forging Co.,Ltd.
Stocklistof Forged square bar SCM415,SCM435
Stockof Forged square bars
GradeSCM415,SCM435
DeliveryconditionOnly forged.
Length4m and up
Sizetolerance-0/+5mm
UltrasonicTestSep1921 Class C/c
Grade/Size/Quantity
SCM415 250x250 12 pcs 25 tons
SCM415 278x261 9 pcs 25 tons
SCM415 290x275 12 pcs 35 tons
SCM435 230x230 10 pcs 20 tons
SCM435 275x275 10 pcs 28 tons
SCM435 285x275 12 pcs 34 tons
Total167 tons.
Ifinterested,please contect with me.
Mill:JiangsuZhuhong Forging Co.,Ltd.
Forged round bar SAE8620
Specification:16MnCr5,20MnCr5,16CrNi4,20CrNi4,20NiCrMo2,18NiCrMo5,17CrNiMo6-4,A105,LF2,C40,C45,36CrMn5,
42CrMo4,39CrNiMo3,36CrNiMo4,40CrNiMo7,34CrNiMo6,
30NiCrMo12,34NiCrMo16,41CrAlNi7,34CrAlNi7,B7,B16,F11,
F12,F22,F5,F9,51Cr4.
Size:150mm to 700mm
Delivery condtion:Hot forged+Normalized/Annealed+Rough Machined/Turned+Q/T.
Length:4m and up or fix length according the enduser.
Ingot:EAF+LF+VD
Ultrasonic Test:Sep1921-84 Class 3 C/c.or D/d.
More details will be checked when firm inquiry,
Mill:Zhuhong Forging Co.,Ltd
Forged round bar,Grade:SAE8620(21CrNiMo2)
Delivery condition:Black surface.
Size:300mm to 600mm.
Length:4m to 6m.
Ultrasonic Test:Sep1921 Class 3 C/c.Quality is good,we wish customer that who interested to come to our mill to check the materials before buy.
Mill:Zhuhong Forging Co.,Ltd
Special steel pipe of Hollow forgings
Special steel of Hollow forgings
Steel Grade: S45C, 42CrMo4(we can do according your inquiry), SAE8620
Hollow Forging: 1000mm OD X 790mm ID X 2000mm(About size we can according your request)
Delivery condition: Hot forged+normalized+temper+rough machined.
Origin: China
UT: 6MMFBH Sep1921 Class C/c.
Properties:
Yield=310 Mpa Minimum; Tensile=600 Mpa minimum; %EI=13min
Surface Hardness=BHN160-220
Process: Forged from vacuum degassed ingots
Products:Forged steel round bar .
Delivery condtion:Hot forged+Rough Machined.
Specification:JIS G4051 S45C , C45 H13, SCM440, 42CrMo4, C45, , S355J2G3, A105, 16MnCr5, 39CrNiMo3, 34CrNiMo6, 30CiNiMo8.SAE8620.
100%UT:As per Sep1921-84 Class 3 C/c.
or according the customer's required.
Diameter tolerance:-0/+2mm
Straightness:<3mm href="http://beyond-steel.com/" m="">42CrMo4,CK45,16MnCr5,C60,34CrNiMo6,
SAE4340,18CrNiMo7-6,39CrNiMo3,SAE4130,S355J2G3.
H13 and others.
Both ends:plain square end with end hole remained and deburred.
Diameter tolerance:-0/+3mm
Straightness:2mm/M
Process and delivery condition:Hot forged+Rough machined+Q/T(black surface)
UT test:As per SEP 1921-84 Class 3 C/c.
Surface hardness:280-320BHN
Forging reduction ratio:3:1minimum.
Specification:AISI4140(we can do according the customer's specification)
Size:Dia700mm(we can do from dia150mm to dia950mm)
Mill test certificate:as per EN10204/3.1.B
Manufacture:Zhuhong forging Co.,Ltd
anything please contect with me:zhforging(at)yahoo(dot)com
SCM440, ASTM4140, 42CrMo
good quality and competitive price
We mainly manufacture more than 300 kinds of forging products with dia. of 80-800mm, such as
alloy structural steel：SCR440, ASTM4340,SCM440, ASTM4135...
alloy tool steel: SKT4, X210Cr12, ASTM6G, D2,D3, H11, H13...
carbon structural steel: CK15, ASTM1020, S45C...
carbon tool steel
bearing steel: GCr15, GCr15SiMn, G20Cr2Ni4A…
roller steel: 86CrMoV7,9CrV
stainless steel: 1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13, 4Cr13Mov
non-corrosive steel
refractory steel
spring steel: 50CrVA...
pinion steel
hardenability structural steel
Fabrication Process: EAF+LF+VD ( necessary)
UT+ Peeled +Turned + Heat Treatment (optional)
Standard: ASTM,BS,JIS,DIN etc.
Steel Grade (ASTM for example)
AISI 1020-1060
AISI 5115-5147
AISI 4118- 4140, 4340
E52100, S41000, W1, D3
410,420
Terms of Payment: L/C,T/T
Supply Ability: 500,000 Metric Ton per Year
Minimum Order: 20 Metric Ton
Packaging: in bulk
Detailed Product Description
ISO9001:2000 Certification
China Classification Society Certification
(NOTE : FOR SALE IN MALAYSIA ONLY).
Q&T PRE-HARDENED HIGH TENSILE CHROMIUM MOLYDENUM STEEL...
AISI 4140 HIGH TENSILE ALLOY STEEL BAR / PLATE ...
BS 709 HT ALLOY STEEL BAR / PLATE ...SCM 440 HT ALLOY STEEL ROD AND PLATE AVAILABLE...
WE CUT ANY LENGTH UP TO 6 METERS LONG ... VARIOUS DIAMETER AVAILABLE.
WE ALSO HAVE OTHER TOOL STEEL AVAILABLE SUCH AS AISI
1045, 1055, 4340, 4130, 3215, 01, D2, P20, H13, D6,S1,AR400,SUS301, SUS304,
SUS316, SUS316L, SUS420, SUS430, SUS440, 17-4PH AND GREY CAST IRON 4E, F25.
4340/1.6582, 4140/1.7225/SCM 440, S45C, AISI 410, AISI 420, SKD 11, SKS3
Product Name : Forged Steel Round Bar S45C/SCM440/SCM420 ; Type of Market : After Market ; Place of Origin : Wuxi China ; OEM NO : SCM440 ;
Application : HHummer (H1)
Hummer (H3)
Hyundai (Rohens, Veracruz, Equus, Azera, New Coupe, New Santa Ve)
Jeep (Cherokee, Commander, Compass, Jeepster)
MG (MG7, TF, MG3)
1. The standard: DIN-42CrMo4 JIS –SCM440 AISI-4140
2. Dia: 80mm-800mm
3. Length: 2000mm-5800mm,5900-12000mm
4. Process: EAF+LF+VD+Forged+Heat Treatment (optional)
5. Delivery condition: Hot forged +Rough machined+ Turned (optional)
6. Test: Ultrasonic test according to SEP 1921-84 3 C/c`
7. Technical Data: According to the customers requirement of Chemical Composition, Physical Properties and Mechanical Testing
8. Material details will be as per agreed technical specifications
Plasma post oxidation of nitrocarburized AISI 4140 steel
Alert
This article is not included in your organization's subscription. However, you may be able to access this article under your organization's agreement with Elsevier.
Insup LEECorresponding Author Contact Information, a, E-mail The Corresponding Author
aDepartment of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Dongeui University San 24 Gaya-dong Busanjin-gu Busan 614–714, Korea
Abstract
Plasma nitrocarburizing and plasma oxidizing treatments were performed to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of AISI 4140 steel. Plasma nitrocarburizing was conducted for 3 h at 570 °C in the nitrogen, hydrogen and methane atmosphere to produce the var epsilon-Fe2–3 (N, C) phase.
It was found that the compound layer produced by plasma nitrocarburising was predominantly composed of var epsilon-phase, with a small proportion of γ'-Fe4 (N, C) phase.
The thickness of the compound layer was about 10 μm and the diffusion layer was about 300 μm in thickness, respectively. Plasma post oxidation was performed on the nitrocarburized samples with various oxygen/hydrogen ratio at a constant temperature of 500 °C for 1 h.
The very thin magnetite (Fe3O4) layer 1–2 μm in thickness on top of the compound layer was obtained by plasma post oxidation.
It was confirmed that the corrosion characteristics of the nitrocarburized compound layer can be further improved by the application of the superficial magnetite layer.
Key words: plasma nitrocarburizing; post oxidation; var epsilon-Fe2–3(N, C); γ'-Fe4(N, C); Fe3O4
42CrMo SAE4140 SCM440 42CrMo4 1.7225 froged round steel bars
Dia:80-1500mm,
length:1.5-18meter
max capabilities(ton):35t per piece
GRADE:
froged round steel bars
S45C 41Cr4 42CrMo4
Cr12MoV D2 SKD11 X165CrMoV12 1.2601
CrWMn SKS31 105WCr6 1.2419
9SiCr 90CrSi5 1.2108
H13 X40CrMoV51 1.2344
5CrMnMo 6G SKT3 40CrMnMo7 1.2311
5CrNiMo 6F2 SKT4 55NiCrMoV6 1.2713
3Cr2W8V H21 SKD5 X30WCrV53 1.2567
35CrMo 4135 SCM435 34CrMo4 1.7220
42CrMo 4140 SCM440 42CrMo4 1.7225
40CrNiMoA 4340 SNCM439
45CrNiMoV
GCr15 52100 SUJ2 100Cr6 1.3505
GCr15SiMn 100CrMn6 1.3520
Description/Specification of Round Steel Bar
We mainly manufacture more than 300 kinds of forging products with dia. of 80-800mm, such as
alloy structural steel：SCR440, ASTM4340,SCM440, ASTM4135...
alloy tool steel: SKT4, X210Cr12, ASTM6G, D2,D3, H11, H13...
carbon structural steel: CK15, ASTM1020, S45C...
carbon tool steel
bearing steel: GCr15, GCr15SiMn, G20Cr2Ni4A…
roller steel: 86CrMoV7,9CrV
stainless steel: 1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13, 4Cr13Mov
non-corrosive steel
refractory steel
spring steel: 50CrVA...
pinion steel
hardenability structural steel
Fabrication Process: EAF+LF+VD ( necessary)
UT+ Peeled +Turned + Heat Treatment (optional)
Standard: ASTM,BS,JIS,DIN etc.
Steel Grade (ASTM for example)
AISI 1020-1060
AISI 5115-5147
AISI 4118- 4140, 4340
E52100, S41000, W1, D3
410,420
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